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- ***************************************
- * Beta-ketoacyl synthases active site *
- ***************************************
-
- Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (EC 2.3.1.41) (KAS) [1] is the enzyme that
- catalyzes the condensation of malonyl-ACP with the growing fatty acid chain.
- It is found as a component of the following enzymatic systems:
-
- - Fatty acid synthetase (FAS), which catalyzes the formation of long-chain
- fatty acids from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. Bacterial and plant
- chloroplast FAS are composed of eight separate subunits which correspond to
- different enzymatic activities; beta-ketoacyl synthase is one of these
- polypeptides. Fungal FAS consists of two multifunctional proteins, FAS1 and
- FAS2; the beta-ketoacyl synthase domain is located in the C-terminal
- section of FAS2. Vertebrate FAS consists of a single multifunctional chain;
- the beta-ketoacyl synthase domain is located in the N-terminal section [2].
- - The multifunctional 6-methysalicylic acid synthase (MSAS) from Penicillium
- patulum [3]. This is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the biosynthesis
- of a polyketide antibiotic and which has a KAS domain in its N-terminal
- section.
- - Polyketide antibiotic synthase enzyme systems. Polyketides are secondary
- metabolites produced by microorganisms and plants from simple fatty acids.
- KAS is one of the components involved in the biosynthesis of the
- Streptomyces polyketide antibiotics granatacin [4], tetracenomycin C [5]
- and erythromycin.
- - Emericella nidulans multifunctional protein Wa. Wa is involved in the
- biosynthesis of conidial green pigment. Wa is protein of 216 Kd that
- contains a KAS domain.
- - Rhizobium nodulation protein nodE, which probably acts as a beta-ketoacyl
- synthase in the synthesis of the nodulation Nod factor fatty acyl chain.
-
- The condensation reaction is a two step process: the acyl component of an
- activated acyl primer is transferred to a cysteine residue of the enzyme and
- is then condensed with an activated malonyl donor with the concomitant release
- of carbon dioxide. The sequence around the active site cysteine is well
- conserved and can be used as a signature pattern.
-
- -Consensus pattern: G-x(4)-[LIVMAP]-x(2)-[AGC]-C-[STA](2)-[STAG]-x(3)-[LIVMF]
- [C is the active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 5.
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Kauppinen S., Siggaard-Andersen M., von Wettstein-Knowles P.
- Carlsberg Res. Commun 53:357-370(1988).
- [ 2] Witkowski A., Rangan V.S., Randhawa Z.I., Amy C.M., Smith S.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 198:571-579(1991).
- [ 3] Beck J., Ripka S., Siegner A., Schiltz E., Schweizer E.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 192:487-498(1990).
- [ 4] Bibb M.J., Biro S., Motamedi H., Collins J.F., Hutchinson C.R.
- EMBO J. 8:2727-2736(1989).
- [ 5] Sherman D.H., Malpartida F., Bibb M.J., Kieser H.M., Bibb M.J.,
- Hopwood D.A.
- EMBO J. 8:2717-2725(1989).
-